玛瑙的染色处理

　　manaoderansezaiguobiaozhongbeichengweiyouhuafangfa。kezhijiechengqimingchengzaijiandingzhengshuzhongbufushuoming。manaoderanseshijiangseliaojinrumanaoneibudekongxi，shimanaozhengtizhese。

　　(1)用于染色的玛瑙必须符合以下要求

　　1.jiegou yaoqiumanaodejiegoumiduxiao，youweikongxidezheileipinzhongyizhese，ermidudadeseliaobuyijinru，hennanjiashangyanse。gaoboyudengduiqijiegoujinxingdianzixianweijingyanjiutichu“sanshangse，wubushangse”。sanshangseshijuyourenzixingleiguzhuangzhangxianweizhuangdemanaonengshangyanse，qiexiaoguohenhao。jubolangzhuangzhangxianweijiegoudemanaonengshangyanse。duoshidaixizhangxianweijiegoudemanaonengshangyanse。wubushangseshibudingxiangduanxianweilizhuangjiegou、sihuabanzhuangqiulijiegou、shiyingdetaxingbudenglijiegoudemanaobunengshangse。manaozhongxindeshaxinshiyingkelibunengshangse。manaozhongshiyingjingli，jiejingcuda，kelibianyuanjiexianqingchu，lijianjinmi，meiyouweikong，bunengxingchengtongdaodebunengshangse。

　　2.yanse weileshimanaoranchengrenmenxuyaodeyanse，manaodeyuanliaoyaoqiubixushiqiansehuobaisedepinzhong，qieyaoqingxiganjing，ruoranchengheisedezemanaoyuanliaodeyansekeshenyidian。

　　3.relishi daijiasedemanaobixushimeiyoujingguobeishaodemanao，jingguobeishaodemanaohennanshangse。

　　(2)对色料的要求

　　buguanshicaiyongyoujiranliaohaishiwujiyanliao，shimanaojiase，douyaoqiuzheixieseliaojuyouxialiexingzhi：

　　1.yirongyushuihuoqitashijizhong;

　　2.nengyuyixiehuaxueshijizuoyongshengchengburongyushuihechundechendianwu，qiechendianwuxianse;

　　3.shengchengdexiansewuwendingxinghao，yingbushouriguang、kongqi、shuiheyanghuaji、haiyuanjizuoyongfenjiepohuai。

　　(3)染色方法

　　manaoderansefaguinaqilaiyouyixiasanzhong：

　　1.jiangransejizhijiejinrumanao，ranhoujinxingjiarefenjie，yanghuahuohaiyuan，shengchengchengsedeyanghuawu。ruyaojiangmanaoranchengpingguolvsekeyongxiaosuannierongyejinpaomanao，ranhoujiare，shengchengdeyanghuaniechenglvse。

　　2.jiangliangzhongkeyiqihuaxuefanyingshengchengzhesejidehuaxueshiji，xianhoufenliangcijinrumanao，shengchengdezhesejijingrechulikeyifenjiechengchengseyanghuawuhuojiandanhuahewu。liru，ranlanlvsedefangfa，zhonggesuanjiayutansuananfanyingshengchengdezhonggesuananjiarefenjieshengchengdesanyanghuaergechengse。

　　3.xianjiangyizhongzhesejijinrumanaoneibu，ranhouzaiyongyizhonggusejijinpao，rangzhesejiyugusejifanyingchanshengyizhongnanrongchengsehuahewu，ershimanaozhese。zheizhongfangfabuxuyaogaowenjiare，shengchengdechendianyaoqiuwendingxinghao。

　　(4)染色玛瑙的鉴别特征

　　ransemanaodeyansebushimanaobenshenguyoude，shirengongdefangfajiaru，qiezhishichenjizaimanaokongxineideyanse，yibankeyicongyixialianggefangmianjinxingjianbie：

　　1.ransemanaoyutianranmanaodeyansesediaobutong，yiqianyongyoujiranliaorandemanaoyanseyutianranpinchajuda。youjiranliaoyanseyanli，eryituise，mingxiandichengxianchu“jiase”。muqiancaiyongdewujiyanliaoyansegengjiejintianranpin，danzhiyaorenzhenguanchayenengzhaodaoqubie。congchangjiandesanzhongyanseguanchaqubieruxia：tianrandehongsemanaoweizhenghongse，“shaohong”deyeyiyang，yansechunzheng，errengongransedehongsemanaozeshirengongjiarutielizihuahewuerchengdehongse，zheizhonghongsechangchangyouhuangsediao。lansemanao，tianranchanchupinjishao，duoweiyizhongbaoshilandelanse，bingqiechangyoubutongchengdudechansixianxiang。errengongransedelanmanaoyouyujiaruleguyanweiziluolanse，jilanzhongdaiyouzisediaodeyanse，jishaoshuqingkuangxiachuxianyoubaoshilansederansepin，zheixuyaotongguojinyibufangdaguanchadengceshishouduanlaiqueding。lvsemanaoderansepinyutianranpinyanseshifenjiejin。danzixiguanchatianranpinweicongxinlvse，yanserouhe，erranlvsemanaoweicuilvse，yanseyejiaoyanli。

　　2.youyuransemanaodoushijingseliaojinpao、ganzaoerchengdeyanse，seliaochenjizaimanaodekongxizhong，zaifangdadetiaojianxiakeyizailiewenhekongxineizhaodaobujunyundesedian。yibanyongshibeifangdajingjikejianbie，jingxideransepinyaozaibaoshixianweijingxiaguancha。youyumanaodejiazhiyouxian，yibanbucaiyongdaxingyiqiceshi。

　　zongzhi，manaoransegongyishijiangzhesejipeichengyeti，jinshendaowusemanaozhong，jingrechulizhide。yonggeransejichulikeranchenglvsemanao，yongguransejichulikeranchengshaolanmanao，tianranhongmanaojingguo“shaohong”rechuligaise，keshiqianhongmanaobianweixianhong。wusemanaokeyiranchenglvse、lanse、hongshiejiheisedeng。lvshigeliziranchengdelanseguliziranchengde。ransemanaobujinyansexianyan，erqieshiyuanmanaozhongdesedai、sehuanzhijiandejiexianbiandeshifenmohu，yansebiandijunyi。