尖晶石

英文名：Spinel
硬度：8 比重 3.61-3.67
折射率：1.72-1.73
peidai：juyouchusedenaijiudu

       「尖晶石」（Spinel）shiyizhongmeilierjuyoulianghaonaijiududebaoshi，yingdudadao8，zheshelvyejiejin「hongbaoshi」。zai18shijiqian，「meihongsejianjingshi」beishiwei「hongbaoshi」deyizhong，beichengwei「balas ruby」，yizhiweilaizizuichuchandiyindu balascia dehongbaoshi。

       「jianjingshi」dezhuyaochengfenwei「meilvyanghuawu」（mgoal2o3），changjianyanseweiwuse、fense、chengse、hongse、lanse、ziseheheise，muqianzuigaopinzhidejianjingshiyoulianggezhumingchandi，yigeweimiandiande man sin kuang，lingyigeshitansangniyade mahenge kuang。

       人类对尖晶石的认识

       「spinel」zheigemingzidelailiyouliangzhongkeneng，yizhongshilaiziladingyu「spina」，yisishi「thorn，jingji」，xingrongtianranjianjingshiyuanshichangjiandewanzhengbamiantixingzhuang；lingyizhongshilaizixilayu「spintharis」，yisishi「spark，huohua」，xingrongjianjingshiduyoudeminglianghongsediao。

       lishizuigulaodeyikehongsekemianjianjingshifaxianzigongyuanqian100niandeafuhangumu，zhengshiyouguimodekaicaizeqishiyugongyuan750nianzhi950nian，didianshiafuhande badakshan diqu。

       gongyuan10shiji，alabomusilinxuezhe al-birumi jiujiangjianjingshirendingweiyizhongqufenyuqitabaoshidebaoshipinzhong，danshidangshibingmeiyoudedaojuedaduoshurendejieshou。

       1783nian，faguokuangwuxuejia jean-baptiste l. romé de l'isle zaiqizhuzuo《cristallographie》（crystallography，jingtixue）zhongdiyicimingquejiang「jianjingshi」yu「hongbaoshi」jinxingqufen，liangzhezaijingtijiegoushangyouzhemingxianbutong。

       zuizhumingde「jianjingshi」junlaiziyingguohuangshi：dayingdiguohuangguan（imperial state crown）shangde「black prince's ruby」，zhongda170ct，zheikejianjingshizai14shijiyou edward iii deerzi black prince huode，bingyizhibeiwurenweishihongbaoshi；lingwaihaiyouxiangqianyuyitiaoyingguohuangshixianglianshangde「timur ruby」（tiemuerhongbaoshi），zhongda361ct，qishiyeshiyikehongsejianjingshi。

       颜色和元素

       hongsebeishiwei「jianjingshi」zuigaopinzhideyanse，yinweiyuhongbaoshizuiweixiangsi。buguo「jianjingshi」yongyouyixieduyiwuerdeyanse，lirulianghongsehechengsediaodehongsejianjingbeichengwei「flame spinel」。

       hongsede「jianjingshi」zhuyaoyou「ge」（cr）zhise，lansedejianjingshiyoukenengyou「tie」（fe）、「jia」（k）zhise。