翡翠质量的鉴定

 　　suhuashuo，huangjinyoujiayuwujia。suizhefeicuishichangxuqiuliangjiejiepangao，wuliangshangrendasichaozuo，feicuishichangyulonghunza。yijianjiazhijinjinjishiyuandefeicuizhipin，yeganhanchushuqianshenzhishuwanyuandejiage。yinci，duijuedaduoshuputongxiaofeizhelaishuo，ruhepanduanyijianfeicuidejiazhifeichangguanjian。juedingyijianfeicuizhipinyouliedexianhoushunxushise、shui、zhi、gong。

　　1、颜色——越绿越均匀越好

　　yanseshipaizaishouweideyinsu。keyishuo，yansejiushijiazhi，yansechazhihaoli，zejiazhichazhiqianli。you“sechayideng，jiachashibei”deshuofa。

　　feicuidezhuyaochengfenweinahelvdeguisuanyan，shuyuhuiguangshikuangwu，buhanrenhezazhidefeicuiyingshichunjingdebaise，ziranjiezhongchunbaidefeicuijiaoshao，tongchanglvedaihui、lv、huang，zheishiyoufeicuizhongweiliangdege、tiedengyuansuyinqide，ge、tiehanliangyuegao，yanseyueshen。feicuiyansefanduo，cufenyouhong、huang、zi、lv、heideng，bingqiekeyitongshizaiyikuaifeicuishangchuxian，zheishiqitabaoyushisuomeiyoudetedian。

　　qizhong，lvsehehongsebeishiweizhengse。fanshijiazhigaogui、dadaobaoshijidefeicui，junyaoqiuqiyanseweizhengsehuodaiyouzhengse。

　　翡翠6种正绿色为：

　　(1)yanlv：budaihuangsediaohuoqitasediao，suchenggaolvhuodiwanglv，zaishichangzhongdejiazhizuigao。

　　(2)pingguolv：yongrouyanguanchabuchuhuangselai，danqilvseshijishanghanyoushaoxuhuangsediao，bingxianghuangsediaoshaoyoupianli。

　　(3)yangmiaolv：yongrouyankeyiguanchachulvzhongyouweishaodehuangse，youruchunjiyangmiaofanqingshidenenlv。

　　(4)cuilv：mingliangdeshenlvselvedaihuangsediao。

　　(5)qiaolv：zhongdengshendudezhenglvse。

　　(6)huangyanglv：jiaoqiandelvpianhuangse。

　　翡翠3种正红色为：

　　(1)lianghong：xianyandehonglvedaihuangse。

　　(2)chenghong：weihongseyuhuangsedehunhese。

　　(3)milahong：weihongse、huangsehebaisedehunhese。

　　chushangshulvse、hongseyiwaideqitalvse、hongsejiqitayanse(huilan、huang、bai、heideng)jieweipianse。zheixieyansedefeicuizaishichangzhonghenduo，jiazhiyebugao。danzaijinnianlai，zise，youqishiziluolanse(sucheng“chun”)dejiazhiyizhibeirenmenkanhao，chengweijiazhijinciyulvsedeyigeyansepinzhong。

　　feicuiyansedepingjiabujinxianyusecaidezhonglei，yansedexingzhuangtongyangzhongyao。yansezaifeicuizhongdefenbuxingzhuangfenweitiaodaizhuang、yunpianzhuang、sidaizhuang、bandianzhuang、junyunzhuanghekaopilvdeng。

　　ruhebawofeicuideyanse，xuyaozhangwozhu“nong、yang、zheng、he”sigeyaodian。

　　“nong”zhideshiyansedebaohedu，yeshiyansedeshenqian，pingjiafeicuiyanseshiyaokaolvdeshiyouwuyanse?yanseyouduoshao?nongdanruhe?eryingxiangyanseshenqianchulefeicuineizaihuaxuechengfendeguanxiwai，yeyuhouboyouguan，houdefeicuiyansexiandeshenxie，erbodefeicuiyansehuixiandeqianxie。

　　“yang”zhideshiyansedemingliangchengdu，tongyangshendudeyansekeyiyoubutongdemingliangchengdu。xianyangdushigouchengfeicuiyansemeiganzuizhongyaodeyinsu，yeshizuinanqiudeyinsu。tajuedingfeicuijiazhidegaodi，feicuiyansedexianyangduchayidian，neimejiazhijiuhuichahenduo，xianyangdushiyujiagechengzhengbiguanxide，yejiushishuoyanseyuexian，jiazhiyejiuyuegao。yingxiangyansedexianyangdudezhuyaoyuanyinshihanyouneihanwu，guangyuandeqiangruoyehuishixianyangdudayoubutong。

　　“zheng”zhideshifeicuiyansedechunzhengchengdu。feicuidelvsewangwangduoduoshaoshaohunheyouhuangsehuolanse，shenzhihuise，zheiyangjiuhuijiangdiyansedemeigan，congerjiangdiqijiage。feicuilvsedesediaoruozixiguanchajunkanbuchuyouqitasediaoshi，shichunzhengduzuigaodeyanseqijiazhiyeshizuigaode。shaodaihuangsedelvse，youyubuhuiyingxianglvsedexianyangdu，duijiazhiyingxiangbuda。danshaodailandelvsezehuiyingxiangjiaoda，yinweilansehuijiangdixianyangdu，suoyiduijiazhiyingxiangjiaoda。pianhuidelvse，youanerzangdeganjue，butaorenxihuan，duijiazhiyingxiangzuida。

　　“yun”zhideshifeicuiyansefenbudejunyunchengdu。youyufeicuishiyouwushuweixiaojingtizuchengde，meikuaifeicuideyansebukenengjunyunyiyang。butongfangxiangguanchayanseduoshaodouyoubutong。yansedejunyunduyulvsedetijiduoshaochengzhengbi，yansejunyunjilvsebumanzhenggekongjian。yicileitui，henmingxianjunyunduyuegao，hanlvseyueduo，jiazhiyejiuyueda。

　　yanseshijuedingfeicuijiagedeshouyaoyinsu，jipinfeicui，yansejinyoulveweichabie，jiagekenengxiangchajishibei。yili50wanyuandefeicuijiemianyuyili500wanyuandefeicuijiemian，wulunzaizhiliang、yangshi、daxiao、zhongshui、xiaci……doushiyidengyide，wuketiaoti，danjieguohaishichaneimeduo，guanjianzaiyulvseshangdegaodi。

　　ruhezhengqueguanchafeicuideyansefeichangguanjian。xinghuashuo：“yuexiameirendengxiayu。”shuomingguanchayushouguangyuanjihuanjingdeyingxiangjida。zaiguanchafeicuiyanseshi，zuihaodeguangyuanshitaiyangguang。zaihuangguangdengxiakanfeicuiyansehuixiandexianyanxie，baoheduyehuixiandegaoxie，yansejiuhuibiandejiaohao。zaibaiguangdengxiakanfeicuihuidanxie、anxie，feicuiyansehuixiandechaxie。yinci，chakanfeicuideyanseshi，qieji“dengxiabuguanse”。

　　shangshupingjiabiaozhunzhishishiyongyufeicuiahuo。

　　2、水头——越透越好

　　feicuideshuitouzhideshitoumingdu。toumingdugaojiushishuitouzhang，fanzhijiushishuitouduan。shuitouzudefeicuixiandejingyingtitou，kanqilaishuiwangwang，ershuitouchadefeicuiganse、daiban，kanqilaiganbabade。

　　shuitouyibanyijifenshuilaibiaoshi，yongjuguangdiantongguanchaguangxianzhaorufeicuideshenqianlaihengliangshuitoudezhangduan，ru3mmdeshenduweiyifenshui，6mmdeshenduweierfenshui，9mmdeshenduweisanfenshui。jiandingtoumingduyaobayumoguang，zaiyidinghouduxia(yuqichanpin)kantoushiqitawutiqingkuang，fentoumingti、bantoumingti、weitoumingti、feitoumingti4gejibie，yuetoumingzejiazhiyuegao。

　　zaiguanchafeicuishuitoudeshihoubixushifenzixi，yinweitoumingduyufeicuibenshendehouboyouguan，yaotebiexiaoxinyouxiefeicuichengpinzhongjianjingguowakong，touguangxingnenggenghao，kanqilaisihushuitouzhangduole。

　　guangyuanyufeicuidetoumingduyeyoumingxiandeguanxi，guangyuanqianghejiejinzhongwushideriguang，feicuideshuitoujiuxiandehao;xiangfan，ruguoguangyuanruohuoyintian，feicuideshuitoujiuxiandecha，yinci，biaozhundepingguyingyizhongwuyouyangguangdeshihouweizhun，“wuyangbukanyu”jiushizheigedaoli。

　　3、质地——越细腻越好

　　zhifeicuidejiegou，yebeichengweidizi、dizi。feicuidezhuyaochengfenweinahelvdeguisuanyan，shuyuhuiguangshikuangwu。youyufeicuishiduozhongkuangwudejiheti，qijiegouduoweixianweizhuangjiegouhelizhuangjiegou，feicuizhididexinihecucaochengdushiyoujinglidedaxiaojuedingde，jinglida，zezhidicucao，biaoxianweibantoumingzhibutouming，jinglixiao，zezhidixini，biaoxianweitoumingzhibantouming。anzhaolidudaxiao，kejiangzhidifenweizhimiji、xiliji、zhonglijiheculiji，dadaozhimijidefeicuizaifangdaguanchashijihukanbudaokeli，toumingdujigao。

　　feicuizhongchuqulvseyiwaidebufenchengweidizi，yechengwei“di”，dizifanyinglefeicuidedisehejiegousheng，yefanyinglefeicuideganjingchengduhetoumingdu，anzhaoqiyanse、toumingduhejiegoukefenweiyixiajizhong：

　　(1)bolidi：mingliangtoumingruboliyiyang，shifeicuizhongdejigaodangdepinzhong;

　　(2)bingdi：qingchetouming，jingyingrubing，jirenyizhongbingqingyujiedeganjue，yeshifeicuizhongdegaodangdizi;

　　(3)danqingdi：yourushengdanqingyiyangtouming，yuzhixini、wenrun;

　　(4)furongdi：yuzhijiaoxi，jiaotouming，youkeligandanquejianbudaokelidejiexian;

　　(5)bitidi：ruqingbitiyiyang，toumingdushaocha，bugoumingliang;

　　(6)qingshuidi：jiaotouming，weidaiqinglvse;

　　(7)huishuidi：jiaotouming，lvedaihuisediao;

　　(8)hunshuidi：bantouming，hunzhuobuqing;

　　(9)oufendi：bantouming，ruoufenyiyang，lvedaifensehuozise;

　　(10)xibaidi：bantouming，yuzhixiqi，disejiebai;

　　(11)baishadi：bantouming，sebaibingjuyoushaxing;

　　(12)huishadi：bantouming，sehuibingjuyoushaxing;

　　(13)baihuadi：weitouming，sebaierzhicu，youshihua;

　　(14)cidi：weitouming，rutongbaiseciqi，chenghuibaise;

　　(15)yutoudi：butouming，ruzhushudeyutou，chenghuibaise;

　　(16)ganbaidi：butouming，guangzecha;

　　(17)doudi：butouming，kelicuda，cuixingmingxian;

　　(18)mayadi：butouming，rumayayiyang，zhidicucao，disefabai;

　　(19)xianghuidi：butouming，seruxianghui，zhidicucao;

　　(20)shihuidi：butouming，serushihui;

　　(21)ganqingdi：butouming，shihuacuda，zhidicucao;

　　(22)goushidi：butouming，zhidicucao，dibuganjing，changjianheihesehuohuanghese，rugoushiyiban。

　　4、石花、斑点、裂纹——越少越好

　　yibanlaishuo，tianranfeicuibukebimianyouxieliewen、bandiandengxiaci，feicuidexiacizhuyaoyouyixiajizhong：

　　(1)liewen：yiwailiehengwenjuduo，rouyankejian、zhongjianmeiyoutianchongwu，yongzhijiaguayoudangshougan，youxiehenyanzhong，youxiehenqingwei。

　　(2)lieliu：yineiliezongwenjuduo，rouyankejian，zhongjianyoudaise(zazhi)tianchongwu，zhijiayibanbukeguaji，yanzhongdeyehuiyouqingweidedangshougan。

　　(3)zajin：cunzaidizili，ganjuexiangshugen、jinzhazhuangdezasewu，shifeicuizaizhangqifuzadedizhihuanjingxingchengguochengzhongchanzajinqudezazhi。rouyankejian，bushiliewen，yanzhongdeyehuiyouqingweidedangshougan。

　　(4)shiwen：rouyankejian，bushiliewen，zhongjianyibanmeiyoudaise(zazhi)tianchongwu，youmingxiandeyeyouyinmide，changjiandeshiwendeduoweibaise。

　　(5)shihua：feicuizhongchangyoudebidizidetoumingdushaochadechengtuanzhuangwu，bijiaoganbakuaizhuangdejiao“shinao”，bijiaosansuidejiao“luhua”，zhuangsimianxudejiao“mianhua”，xisuipiaobodejiao“xuehua”。

　　(6)zase：feicuiduoshaodoujuyouqitayanse，yanseyoudapiandeyeyouxiaodiande。xiaomianjihuodianzhuangdelvse、hongse、huangse，tamendecunzaikeyishizhenggefeicuishoushigengpiaolianggengyoutedian，chengweiqiaose;xiaomianjihuodianzhuangdeheise、hese、huisedeng，tamendecunzaikeyishizhenggefeicuishoushigengnankangengdidang，chengweizase;dianzhuangdeheise、hese、huisedengyejiaozangdian。

　　(7)cuixing：feicuishiduojingtijiaozhijiegou，jingmianzaiguangxiandezhaoshexiahuikandaopianzhuangshanguang，xingneichengwei“cangyingchi”huozhe“shaxing”，zheishifeicuidezhongyaotezheng。jiegoucudefeicui(rudouzhong)cuixinggengmingxian，jiegouxinidefeicui(rubolizhong)decuixingbumingxian。

　　liewen、lieliuyidingsuanxiaci;cuixing(shaxing)yidingbusuanxiaci;zajin、shiwen、shihua、zase、zangdiandengruguochengdujiaoshenzuyiyingxiangyuanjiandemeiguanjiusuanxiaci，ruguochengdujiaoqianduiyuanjiandemeiguanmeiyoumingxiandeyingxiangjiubusuanxiaci。xiacidecunzaiduoshaohuiyingxiangfeicuidejiazhi，yingxiangdechengdushenqiandeshunxuyibanshi：liewen、lieliu、zajin、shiwen、shihua、zase、zangdian。birudaiyanzhongmingxianliewendeshouzhuojihudangchengfeipin，daiqingweideshihuazasedeshouzhuoduijiazhideyingxiangyouxian。lingwaiyingxiangchengduhaiyumouzhongxiacibenshendeyanzhongchengduyouguan，birushuo，xiangtongzhongsedeshouzhuo，yizhiyoufeichangnankandezase，lingyizhijuyouqingweidelieliu，neimedailieliujiazhikenengbidaizasedeyaogao。

　　yeneiliuchuanyou“wuliubuzhehua”deshuofa，ruguofeicuijianpinshangdiaoyouhuawentuan，qimeilidehuawenzhixiabiyouqiaoxi，henkenengshiweileyanshiqixiadexiaci。

　　5、工艺——越精细越好

　　gongyiyeshipingjiafeicuijiazhideyigebukehushidezhongyaoyinsu，tebieshidiaojiandegongyi，bujinyaojiangjiuhaodeyuyi，gengyaojiangjiuqiaose，lingwaihaiyaoqiudaofaxini，zaoxingyoumei，xiantiaoliuchang。yikuaihaodeyujiashanghaodegongyi，qiarujinshangtianhua，jiazhiyehuiyouhengaodetisheng。

　　zuihaoyong4beiyishangdefangdajingguanchajianpindegongyidiaozhuo，renwudiaoxiangzhuyaokanmianbushifouduanzheng，wuguanshifouheli;dongwudiaoxiangkanquganhesizhibilishifouqiadang，xingtaishifouziran，huahuidiaozhuokanxiantiaoshifouliuchang，bujushifouheli。tebieyaozhuyidiaozhuodeyangmianheyinmianjidibushifoudamoguanghuapingzheng。lingwaihaiyaoxikanxiantiaoshifoucuxiyizhi，youmeiyouduandaohuozhongdie。shouzhuoyileiyaozhuyiyoufouliexi。