钻石

 　　zuanshi，yingwendiamond，laiyuanyuxilawenjingangyiadams，yiwei“wukezhengfu”。zuanshihuaxuezhongyibanchengweijingangshi，zuanshiweijingguozhuomodejingangshi，jingangshizeshizhizuanshideyuanshi。zuanshishidazirandizhizuoyongdechanwu。juyouxishao、meiguan、naiyonghebukezaishengdetedian。 meikezuanshidouduyiwuer，yongyoutazijidetezhi，yinerjiazhifeifanjihumeiyouqitawuzhixiangzuanshibanxiyou、zhenguihefufangmeili。siyuechushengderenhenshixingyun，yinweizuanshishisiyueshengchenshi，cuican、xiyou、chunjie......zheixiemeihaodexiangzhengyizhiweiraozaisiyuechushengderenshenpang。zuanshishiyiwannianqianzaididichengshouledazirandeyalixingcheng，jianjuleliangguang、huoguangheshanguangdeguangze，lingrenxiaidechengdushiqitabaoshinanyipididegongtashibaoshizhongzuijianyingde，quezhiyouzuidanchundechengfen。

　　钻石象征的意义

　　sangannianyilai，zuanshizairenmenxinzhongdediweiteshu，tashililiangdexiangzheng，bingyouzhewukekangjudemoli，shirenreqiezhuiqiu。xiangchuanzuanshishitianshangxingxingdesuipianduoxiadiqiu，yeyourenshuotashizhushendeleizhu。dinglehundenvshimenjiangjiezhidaizaizuoshouwumingzhishangdechuantong，kezhuisudaozaoqideaijirenkoutamenxiangxinaiqianzhimaicongxinzangzhijietongdaozuoshouwumingzhidezhijian，touguoyizhijiandandedanlizuanjie，zuanshiweishishangwushunannvchuandalexinzhongdeqingsu，sanfachuyonghengdeaihuo。congjiehun，daojiehunzhounianjinianri，xiangaidenannvdouyongzuanshilaibiaodaqingyi，yizhixiangmanzuanshideyuanxingjiezhi，shuodeshi“woliangdeaiqingmeiyoujintou”，daibiaoyonghengzhiai(zheigeyuanzixifangdechuantongyiweidongfangrensuojiena，shizhijinri，renmenyizuanjiezuoweiaidexianliyiyuranchengfeng。

　　quanlidexiangzheng：15shijiyiqian，zhiyouhuangdicainengpeidaizuanshi，shihuangquandexiangzheng。

　　caifudexiangzheng：19shijifushangmenzuixiaidezhenzangpin。

　　aiqingzhishi：xilayuzhongzuanshi“adamas”daibiaobukezhengfuneiliandehuoyan，daibiaoyonghengdeaihuo

　　钻石的物理化学性质

　　1、huaxuechengfen：suoyoubaoshizhong，zuanshidechengfenzuiweidanchun，qihuaxuechengfenzhuyaoshic(tan)，shitanyuanzizuoyouguilvdepailieerzuchengdejingti，zuanshijingtijiegoujulifangmianxinxibao。zuanshichuhantanyuansuwai，haihanyoushaoliangweiliangyuansurusi ca mg mn ti ca s,haiyouduoxingqitijixituxiyouyuansu，da50duozhong，youshiqizazhihanliangda4.8 %。zheixieweiliangyuansujuedinglezuanshideleixing，yansedengwulixingzhi。jiandanshuojingangshishitianranchanchude、yitanyuanzizuchengdejuyoulifangmianxinjingtijiegoudeyizhongkuangwu。

　　2.：yingdu：suoweiyingdushizhiwuzhidikangwaijiejixiekehuadenengli。zuanshidemoshiyingduwei10，shiqijinweizhirenleisuofaxiandezuiyingdetianranwuzhi，shijishangzuanshideyingduanrosivaldejueduiyingduhengliang，shihong、lanbaoshide140bei，shishuijingde1000bei。yuqitabaoshixiangbi，zuanshixiangzaishoushishang，gengnengdikangyiqiewuzhiduitademosun、huashang，yincizuanshiyidanyongyou，biankeshidailiuchuan，yinweizuanshiyongbumosun，changdaichangxin。

　　3、rendu：suoweirendushizhiwuzhidikangpoliedenengli，zuanshijuyoujiaogaorendu，danshitadebianlengqueshibijiaocuide，yincipeidaishiyingbimianzhijiepengzhuangjianyingwuti。

　　4、bizhong：zuanshidebizhongwei3.52ke/lifanglimi(jishiweishuidebizhongde3.52bei)。

　　5、redaolv：zuanshishiyizhiwuzhizhongchuanrenenglizuiqiangdewuzhizhiyi(zuanshiwei146.5wate/mi。c.0)shitongdewubei。zheiyixingzhishizuanshizaigongye，youqishihangtiangongyeheweidianzigongyezhongdedaoguangfanyingyong。

　　6、repengzhanglv：zuanshiderepengzhanglvhendi，buhuiyinwendudebianhuaeryoumingxianderezhanglengsuoxianxiang。youyuzuanshiderepengzhanglvjixiao，guxiangqianzaishoushishang，zuanshibuhuixiangmouxiebaoshiyinshinei，shiwaidewenchadaerchanshengliewen。

　　7、zheshelv：zuanshidezheshelv2.417，shisuoyoutianranwusebaoshizhongzuigaode，shiguangxianjinruzuanshihounengxiangzhongxinjuhe。

　　8、sesanlv：zuanshidesesanwei0.044。 zheiyeshisuoyoutianranwusebaoshizhongzuigaode。zuanshiyincinengjiangbaiguangfensanchengguangpushidecaihongyanse。

　　9、guangze：guangzeyuzheguanglvjibiaomiantexingxiangguan，shiwutibiaomianfansheguangxianshisuobiaoxianchudetedian。zuanshiweidianxingdejingangguangze，zheishidezuanshijingqiemohoujuyoujiduqiyaoyandeguangze。

　　10、qinhexing：zuanshijuyouqiangliedeqinyouxing.youyuzuanshideqiangqinyouxing，zuanshibiaomianhenrongyizhanyou，yingyeyuanyingbimianyongshouzhijiejiechushi;gukezuihaobuyaodaizhezuanshixiachufang、xicanju。

　　11、duihuaxueyaopindefanying：zuanshijuyouhengaodehuaxuewendingxing，suan、jianjiyibanhuaxueyaopinjunbunengduizuanshichanshengrenhefushizuoyong。

　　钻石的等级划分

　　钻石等级如何划分，在最新颁布的国家标准GB/T16554-1996《钻石分级》中规定,评定钻石等级高低的因素有四个,即钻石的颜色(Colour)、净度(Clarity)、切工(Cut)和克拉重量(Carat).这四个因素又称钻石"4C"标准,"因此判定钻石等级就要从这四方面来综合考量。钻石的颜色可分为极白到白，从D开始，分为D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N...。钻石的净度是指钻石的内含物的多少。具体的净度等级：LC-放大镜下无瑕;VVS1,VVS2-含有极微细的瑕疵;VS1,VS2-含有微细的瑕疵;Sl1,Sl2-含有肉眼无法看到的小瑕疵;P1,P2,P3-含有肉眼可见的瑕疵。钻石是硬的物质，无坚可摧，永不磨损，一经切磨便光永恒。车工的级别分为：很好，好，一般。钻石重量以克拉(又称卡)计算。1拉=200毫克=0.2克。1克拉分为一百份，每一份称为一分。0.75克拉称75分，0.02克拉为2分。在其它条件近似的情况下，随着钻石重量的大，其价值则呈几何级数增长(具体钻石等级划分，参看钻石等级如何划分)。

　　钻石的形状

　　meizhongzuanshidexingzhuangdoubutong，duyiwuerdetezhengjuedinglemeizhongxingzhuangdepinzhi,yuanxingshimuqianweizhizuiliuxinghebeiyanjiudeyangshi，gongzhufangzuanshishizuishouhuanyingdeyixingzuan。ciwaihaiyouzumulvxing、shangdingfangxing、lanjianxing、tuoyuanxing、leidienmingliangshi、lixing、xinxing、zhangjiaojietixingjizhong。

　　1.yuanxing zuanshixingzhuangzhongzuiliuxingdeyizhong，you 57gekemian。

　　2.tuoyuanxing yuanxingmingliangshidebianxing，tongyangdezhongliangkenengkanqilaijiaoda。

　　3.lanjianxing zuanshidewangduangeyouyigejianjiao。

　　4.xinxing zaihuaxingzuanshizhongzuilangmandeyizhongxingzhuang。

　　5.fangzhuxing zhangfangxingqiemo，jiequsigejiaodaiyitixingkemian，gebiandekemianyiweitixingqiemogong。

　　6.lixing youfayu“pendeloque”，(chuidiao)bianhuaerlai。

　　7.fangxing fangxingqiemoyouchenggongzhuxingqiemo，liangguangyushanguangtebieqiang。

　　(具体的可见文章：钻石的形状分类)

　　钻石的产地

　　已探明天然钻石储量大约有25亿克拉，其中澳大利亚6.5亿克拉，扎伊尔5.5亿克拉。按开采水平现有钻石储量只能开采25年，但随找矿科技水平的提高，每年都发现有新的矿区，近几年加拿大钻石储量明显增加。自从钻石开采以来，共采出钻石350吨左右，即17.5亿克拉，全世界每年开采钻石在9000万-1 亿克拉，其中宝石级占17%-20%。20%宝石级钻石价值相当于80%工业级金刚石价值的5倍。世界各地均有钻石产出，已有三十多个国家拥有钻石资源，年产量一亿克拉左右。产量前五位的国家是澳大利亚、扎伊尔、博茨瓦纳、俄罗斯、南非。这五个国家的钻石产量占全世界钻石产量的90%左右。其它产钻石的国家有刚果(金)、 巴西、圭亚那、委内瑞拉、安哥拉、中非、加纳、几内亚、象牙海岸、利比利亚、纳米比亚、塞拉利昂、坦桑尼亚、津巴布韦、印度尼西亚、印度、中国、加拿大等。(具体的钻石产地，可以参看世界天然钻石资源分布图)。