钻石是如何形成的

 　　yourenshuojingangshijiushizuanshi，qishizheizhongshuofashiwanquancuowude(tamendechabiejiudengtongyumutouhejiajuzhijiandeguanxi)，zuanshizhishijingangshijingjiagongerchengdechanpin，xiandaikexuejishu、shouduanweitansuozuanshidexingchengtigonglexinsiluhefangfa。zuanshishishijieshangzuijianyingde、chengfenzuijiandandebaoshi，tashiyoutanyuansuzuchengde、julifangjiegoudetianranjingti。qichengfenyuwomenchangjiandemei、qianbixinjitangdechengfenjibenxiangtong，tanyuansuzaijiaogaodewendu、yalixia，jiejingxingchengshimo(heise)，erzaigaowen、jigaoqiyajihaiyuanhuanjing(tongchanglaishuojiushiyizhongqueyangdehuanjing)zhongzejiejingweizhenguidezuanshi(baise)。weilebianyulijiezuanshideqiyuan，xiankanyikanhanyouzuanshideyuanyan。

　　zicongzuanshizaiyindubeifaxianyilai,womenbuduantingdaorenmenzaihebian、hetanshangjiandaozuanshidegushi，zheishiyouyuweiyuheliushangyoumouchuhanyouzuanshideyuanyan，beifenghua、posuihou，zuanshisuishuiliubeidaidaoxiayoudidai，bizhongdadezuanshibeimaizaishalizhong。zuanshideyuanyanshishenme?1870nianrenmenzainanfeideyigenongchangdehuangtuzhongwachulezuanshi，cihouzuanshidekaijueyouhechuangzhuanyidaohuangtuzhong，huangtuxiamianjiushijianyingdeshenlanseyanshi，tajiushizuanshiyuanyan——jinboliyan(kimberlite)。shenmeshijinboliyan?jinboliyanshiyizhongxingchengyudiqiushenbu、hanyoudaliangtansuanqidenghuifaxingchengfendepianjianxingchaojixinghuoshanyan，zheizhongyanshizhongchangchanghanyoulaizidiqiushenbudeganlanyan、liuhuiyansuipian，zhuyaokuangwuchengfenbaokuoganlanshi、jinyunmu、tansuanyan、huishi、shiliushideng。yanjiubiaoming，jinboliyanjiangxingchengyudiqiushenbu150gongliyixia。youyuzheizhongyanshishouxianzainanfeijinbolibeifaxian，guyigaidiminglaimingming。

　　lingyizhonghanyouzuanshideyuanyanchengjiameihuangbanyan(lamproite),tashiyizhongguojianxingmeizhihuoshanyan，zhuyaoyoubailiushi、huoshanbolixingcheng，kehanhuishi、ganlanshidengkuangwu，dianxingchandiweiaodaliyaxibuagaier(argyle)。

　　kexuejiamenjingguoduilaizishijiebutongkuangshanzuanshijiqizhongyuanshengbaoguotikuangwudeyanjiufaxian，zuanshidexingchengtiaojianyibanweiyalizai4.5-6.0gpa(xiangdangyu150-200kmdeshendu)，wenduwei1100-1500℃。suiranlilunshangshuo，zuanshikexingchengyudiqiulishidegegeshiqi/jieduan，ermuqiansuokaicaidekuangshanzhong，dabufenzuanshizhuyaoxingchengyu33yinianqianyiji12-17yinianzheilianggeshiqi。runanfeideyixiezuanshinianlingwei45yizuoyou，biaomingzheixiezuanshizaidiqiudanshenghoubujiubianyikaishizaidiqiushenbujiejing，zuanshishishijieshangzuigulaodebaoshi。zuanshidexingchengxuyaoyigemanzhangdelishiguocheng，zheicongzuanshizhuyaochuchanyudiqiushanggulaodewendingdaludiqukeyizhengshi。lingwai，diwaixingtiduidiqiudezhuangji，chanshengshunjiandegaowen、gaoya，yekexingchengzuanshi，ru1988nianqiansuliankexueyuanbaodaozaiyunshizhongfaxianlezuanshi，danzheizhongzuoyongxingchengdezuanshibingwujingjijiazhi。

　　xishaodezuanshizhuyaochuxianyuliangleiyanshizhong,yileishiganlanyanlei,yileishiliuhuiyanlei，danjinqianzhejuyoujingjiyiyi。hanzuanshideganlanyan，muqianweizhifaxianyouliangzhongleixing：jinboliyan(kimberlite)(mingziyuanyunanfeideyidiming——jinboli)hejiameihuangbanyan(lamproite),zheiliangzhongyanshijunshiyouhuoshanbaofazuoyongchanshengde，xingchengyudiqiushenchudeyanshiyouhuoshanhuodongbeidaidaodibiaohuodiqiuqianbu，zheizhongyanjiangduoyiyanguanzhuangchanchu，yincisucheng“guankuang”(jiyuanshengkuang)。hanzuanshidejinboliyanhuojiameihuangbanyanchuluzaidibiao，jingguofengchuiyudadengdiqiuwaiyinglizuoyongerfenghua、posui，zaishuiliuchongshuaxia，posuideyuanyanliantongzuanshibeidaidaohechuang，shenzhihaiandidaichengjixialai，xingchengchongjishakuangchuang(huocishengkuangchuang)。