软玉

　　ruanyushiyizhongjulianzhuangjiegoudehanshuigaimeiguisuanyan。tashizaoyankuangwujiaoshanshizuzhongyitoushanshi、yangqishiweizhu，binghanyouqitaweiliangkuangwuchengfendexianweixianweizhuanghuozhimikuaizhuangkuangwujiheti。huaxuechengfenweica2(mg，fe2+)5 (si4o11) 2(oh) 2。shudanxiejingxi。jingtichengxianweizhuanghuozhenzhuzhuang。yanseduozhongduoyang，chengbai、qing、huang、lv、hei、hongdengse。yibanweiyouzhiguangze，youshiweilazhuangguangze。bantoumingzhibutouming。zheguanglv1.606-1.632，shuangzheshelv0.021-0.023。wuyingguanghuolinguang。yingdu6-6.5，midu2.9-3.1g/cm3。duankoucanchazhuang。renxingjiqiang，zhidixini，jianren，paoguanghoubiaomianshifenmingliang。

　　ruanyudeyingwenmingchengweinephrite，youshiyeyongjade。zhongwenmingchengweiyuhuohetianyu，yinruanyuzuizaochanyuxinjianghetian，youcheng“hetianyu”huo“xinjiangyu”。

　　ruanyuanpinzhongkeyifenweiyangzhibaiyu、baiyu、qingyu、qingbaiyu、biyu(zhuanzhilvsederuanyu)、moyu、huangyu、tangyu、huayu、jinshanyudeng。yangzhibaiyuzhidixini，guangzeqiang，jiebairuyangzhi，kanchengwei“ruanyuzhiwang”、“baiyuzhiguan”。

　　ruanyuyuxiangsiyushidequbie：xiangsideyushiyoukunlunyu(shewenshizhiyu)、lvyusui(shiyingzhiyu)、feicui(yingyu)、xiuyu(shewenshizhiyu)、lvdonglingshi(shiyingzhiyu)、baisedalishi、putaoshideng。ruanyuyuxiangsiyushidequbieyongrouyanheyiqijianceshibunanqufende，zhuyaocongyingdu、midu、jiegou、guangzehezheguanglvdengfangmianjianbie。yingdu：ruanyu6.5-7，shewenshizhiyu2.5-5.5，shiyingzhiyu7，feicui6.5-7，baisedaliyan3.5。midu：ruanyu2.9-3.1g/cm3，shewenshizhiyu2.44-3.18g/cm3，shiyingzhiyu2.65g/cm3，feicui3.25-3.34g/cm3，daliyan2.65-2.75g/cm3。yongerdianjiawan(midu3.33g/cm3)hesanxiujiawan(midu2.9g/cm3)ceyushidechenfukeyiqubie。ruanyuyuanliaodejiandingcezhongyuyingduhemidu，chengpinjiandingcezhongyujiegouheguangze。

　　软玉的评价与选购：

　　pingjiaruanyujiazhideyijushigenjuyuse、yuzhiheyuxing。bulunshinazhongyu，qiyuseyidingyaoxianming，buhuibuxieerwuzasezheweizuijia。yuzhiyuxingyaoqiuxieryunrun，chunerwuza，wulunshenmeyansedebaoyu，zhiyuexirunyuehao，yuexiyejiuyuexianzirun。ruanyuzuoweishipin，shiheyugezhongxingge、nianlingderenpeidai。xuangoushizhuyizhidi、yanse、guangze、kuaidudengfangmian。

　　ruanyuzhuyaochanyujiechujiaodaibianzhidaijiqianbianzhiyandaidelvpianyanxiangzhong，youshiyekeyoujixingyanjiangyanshibianhuobianzhiercheng。zhongguoshishijieshangchuchanyushizuigulaoeryouzuizhumingdeguojia。zuizhuyaodechandiweixinjiangnanbudehetianyulongkashenhe、kalakashenhejiyeerqiangheshangyoudekunlunshanshang。qitachanruanyudeguojiayouaodaliya、jianada、meiguo、eluosi、niuxilan、baxidengguo。