从印记看出金属纯度 详解各种贵金属

 　　guijinshushixiaofeizhegoumaizhubaoshizuiguanzhudewentizhiyi，jihusuoyourendounengshuochu“baijin”、“24k”、“qianzujin”、“pt950”dengguijinshushuyu，ranerzheixiegainianjiujingzhideshishenme?xiangxindaduoshuputongzhubaoxiaofeizhedoubutaiqingchu。qishi，zheixieshuyudaibiaodeyisifeichangjiandanqieyouguilv，erqiemeijianzhengguichuchangdeguijinshushoushi(baokuoyin)shangdouhuibiaozhuyujinshuxiangyingdeshuyuyinji。zhiyaozhangwoguanjianci，ninyekeyiyiyankanchujinyindechengse。

　　zhubaozhongchangyongzuoshoushizhutideguijinshuyousizhong：jin、bo、yin、ba。jihusuoyoudeguijinshuzhubaodoushiyouzheisizhongjinshuhuoqihejinzhizuode。

　　首先说金(Au/G)：

　　jin(gold，suoxieweighuoau)shiwenhuazuijiuyuan、shiyongfanweizuipupiandeguijinshu。zaishoushideyingyongzhongkeyidazhifenweigaochundujinhehuangjinhejinliangzhong。

　　1.gaochundujin，jizujinheqianzujin。

　　zujinzhideshihanjinliang99%yishangdejinshipin，yinjibiaoshiyou：“au990”、“g990”、“zujin”、“jin990”dengjizhong。

　　qianzujinshizhihanjinliang99.9%yishangdejinshipin，yinjibiaoshiyou：“au999”、“g999”、“qianzujin”、“jin999”dengjizhong。

　　zaiwoguoguijinshudeguojiabiaozhunzhong，gaochundujinzhiyouzujinheqianzujin。suowei“wanzujin”、“5ge9”dengdengshuofazhishishangyeshuofa，bingwuguizhangzhichi。

　　qishililunshangqianzujingenzujindechunduchabieyijingfeichangxiwei，jiageyexiangchawuji，erqieyouyugongyiyuanyin，henduoqianzujinzaihanjiechudechunduzhinengdaozujindebiaozhun，suoyizaixuangoushipinshijiujiezheiqianfenzhiyichundudeyiyibingbuda。

　　2.合金。youyugaochunduhuangjinzhiruandaozhiwufawenguxiangqianhedingxing，suoyizhubaogongjiangzaiwulixingzhihejiazhizhijianzhaodaolepingheng，zheijiushi“huangjinhejinshoushi”，xianzaiyibanjiaozuo“kjinshoushi”(qishikjinbaokuogaochundujin，danshishangyeshangyibantezhihuangjinhejin)。

　　guojishangjianglilunchundubaifenzhibaidehuangjindingwei24kjin(tianaweishenmebushi20khuozhe30kzheiyaoqiangpozhengwanqiruhejieshou?!)。youyushijiwufabaifenzhibaitichunhuangjin，suoyizheishiyigelilunshuzhi，renhexuanchengzijimai24kjindeshangjiadouzaibuyanjindishualiumang。

　　shichangshangzuichangjiandekjinyibanshi18k，genju100%dehuangjinwei24kzheiyidingyihenrongyijisuanchu18kjinshihanjinliang75%dehejin，zheigebilidehejinwanmeijiangulejinyuansuhanliangheshoushidewulishuxing。

　　lilunshangkjinkeyianzhaorenhechundupeibi，danweilefangbianguanli，woguoguobiaoguidingkjinshoushixuanyixiasizhongpeibi，fenbieshi22kjin(hanjinliang91.6%)、18kjin(hanjinliang75%)、14kjin(hanjinliang58.5%)he9kjin(hanjinliang37.5%)。zaikjinshoushishangxuyaobiaominghuangjinbiaoshi(ghuoauhuo“jin”zi)hehanliangzhi。liruyijianhanjinliang75%dehuangjinshoushizhengquebiaoshiyinggaishi“g18k”huozhe“au750”。

　　kjindelingwaiyigeyoudianshiyanseduoyang，changjiandeyoubaikjin、huangkjinhemeiguijin。xifensediaodehuayougengduozhong，zheixieyansechayiqujueyuhejinzhongbukouyuansuyujinyuansudepeibi。

　　lingwai，henduorenbabaikjinjiaocheng“baijin”，zheihenrongyiyu“bo(pt)jin”degainianhunxiao。qishishimianshangdaduoshuxiangqianshoushidebaisejinshudoushibaisekjin。

　　duiyukjinshoushidexuanzeyinggailixing，meibiyaoyinweikjinshoushibushizhichundeerxincunjiedi。qishibojinshoushiyeshihejin，xiawenhuishuoming。zujinqianzujinshenmedeyibanyeshiyongzuoshouzangjian，meishidaiyidaduigaochunduhuangjinhenrongyibuxiaoxinwanbianxingde。kjinzaoyijingpingzijidewenguxingheshishangxingzhanlingquanqiushichang。

　　lingwai，shuodaobaozhi，gaochunduhuangjinguranshiyingtonghuo，keyaotongguoyigejiezhixianglianshenmedelaidadaobaozhidexiaoguoneibijiaotianzhen。suoweibaozhineishiyiqihuodengxingshimairujintiaojinzhuandengdeng(ranhouhuijiaqizaiqiangli)。erbushikaoyigejikedeshoushi。erqieshangchanggoumaidehuangjinyitanrudalianggongfei、yunshu、dianmian、renlidengchengben，goumaijiageyijingyuanyuangaochuguojijinjia，jishisongquhuangjinhuishouchuyehuibigoumaijiadiyixie，suoyibubizaibaozhizheidianshangtaijiaozhen。

　　铂(Pt)：

　　bojindeguijinshubiaoshishipt，shiyizhongguangzefeichangwenroudebaisejinshu。youyuqizhangshijianlaijiagegaoyuhuangjin，jiashangjiebaidianyadeyanse，yindewushurenweizhiqingdao。keshihenduoshangjiayouyiwuyijiangjiangbojinyubaisekjinhunxiao。

　　baisekjinshijin(au)yuansudehejin，erbojinshoushiyongcaishibo(pt)yuansu。woguoguobiaoguidingdebojinjiqihejinpeibizhuyaoyouyixiawuzhong：bo850、bo900、bo950(pt950)、bo990(zubo)hebo999(qianzubo)。qizhongpt950zuichangjian，daibiaoshoushihanboliangwei95%。

　　tongyang，bojindeyinjiyeshiyouzhuyaojinshufuhaohehanliangliangbufenzucheng，liru“pt950”。

　　钯(Pd)：

　　bajindeguijinshubiaoshiweipd，shiyizhongshuxingyubohenxiangsidejinshu(yinweibashibozuyuansu)，yansebibojinlvehui。bajindexingqidagaizai21shijichu，zhuyaohuoyuedidianjiuzaiwoguo。zaoqichaozuodebijiaoxiongmeng，danyouyuzhongzhongyuanyin，shijinianhoudejintianbajinjianjianchenmo，bushimeigezhuanjudouyoumai，kedanjiabi18kjinyaobianyi。

　　guobiaozhongguidingdeshoushiyinhanliangpeibiyou：yin800(ag800)、yin925(ag925)、yin990(zuyin)heyin999(qianzuyin)deng。yibanshoushizuichangyongdeshiyin925，erjinianbidengshouzangxingjiaogaodezhipinyibanshiyongzuyinhuoqianzuyin。

　　gerenrenweiyindeguangzeshibaisexiguijinshuzhongzuihaokande，raneryouyuyindejiagejiaojin、bohebadoudihenduo，suoyiyibanyongyuzhizuozhongdiduanchanpin，zhiyoushaoshugexingzhizhedepinpaizaijianchizhejinggongyinzhipin。