钻石：一坨碳的发迹史

　　zuanshibubaozhi。kerenmenweiheaizuanshi?yourenshuo，wojiehunshimeimaizuanshi，juedetachulepiaoliangzhiwai，jiushiyigaoguidefeiwu，zuoweishiyongzhuyizhe，wopansuanzheyongzuanshidejiage，keyiqumougexiaodaoshangshaijitiantaiyang，gouzhiyitaojiatingyingyuan，maigoumaomichiyibeizideguantou。。。。。。

　　xianranzheizhongxiangfaderenbushuyudaduoshu，shijiandenannannvnvduizheikuailiangjingjingdeshitoudereqingzaoyichaoyueleputongxiaofeipindefanchou。chuleliangjingjingdewaibiao、zhubaoshanglianshoudazaodeguanyuaiqingdehuanxiangwai，haiyoushenmeneizaiqudonglima?

　　jingjixuejiafanbolunzai《youxianjieji》tichudexuanyaoxingxiaofeililunjieshilerenleiduizuanshideyuwang。

　　meiyoubizuanshigengshihexuanyaoxingxiaofeideshangpinle，zuanshidejiageyuegao，jiuyueshourenxiai，yuenengzhanshizhurendediwei。

　　tanyuansu、shechipin、aiqingfuhao，zheijiushizuanshidesangeqiemian，zuanshibubaozhi，yebuxique，danrenxingdexurongheshangyeyunzuo，rangbaoshizheigexingyejixufanrongxiaqu。

　　一、 钻石发迹史

　　xiboliyashikuaibaodi，chulehuangjin、shiyou，haichanzuanshi。eluosizai2012nian9yuezhaokaileyigexinwenfabuhuicheng，zaixiboliyadongbudiqufaxianleyigejuxingdezuanshikuang，youwanyikeladechuliang，shiquanqiuzuanshichuliangdejishibei，zugoumanzuquanrenlei3000nianduizuanshidexuqiu。

　　稀缺的石头?

　　zai19shijiyiqian，zuanshiqueshichengdeshangxiquepin。zhiyouzaiyindudeheliuhebaxideyulinliyoushaoliangdefaxian，quanqiudebaoshijizuanshidechanliangmeinianyebuguojiqianke。yinqiwubijianyingdetexinghehualidewaibiao，zuanshiyizhibeihuangshihequanguisuolongduan。

　　diqiushangyebufazuanshiziyuan，dankaicaibuyi。tazhenzhengdejiazaidiqiushenchuyikuaibeichengweidimandedifang，zhenggedifangchengshouzhejudadeyali，zaishangqiansheshidudegaowen、jiwangedaqiyadeyalixia，tanlimanmandijiejingchengzuanshi。

　　zuanshizhisuoyihuichuxianzairenleidelishizhong，shihuoshanbaofadejieguo，huoshanbazuanshidaidaoledibiao，shubaiwanniandedizhibianhuazhong，jishaoyibufenzuanshibeichongruleheliu，guyindurenjiushishouxianzaiheliuzhongfaxianlezuanshi。

　　xiandaizuanshigongyelakaixumuhou，chengdundezuanshibeikaicaichulai，dao2011nianshi，didixiayijingwachujiyikuaizuanshi，quanqiuyinianzuanshidechanliangjiugaoda1.24yikela，yue24 800qianke，jiangjin25dun。

　　raner，zuanshidejiagebudanmeiyoudafuduxiadie，xiangfandi，zuanshidejiageyizhizaipingwendishangzhang。

　　zheishiyinweizuanshishangrenkonghegongzhong，zuanshijiuyaokujiele。2010niankaishi，yidaibiersiweishoudezuanshishangrenmenjiuzaixuanyangzuanshifengzhililun：anzhaotamendeshuofa，shijieshangdezuanshiziyuanzhengzairijiankujie，xianzaiyijingtanmingdezuanshichuliangyue30yikela，anzhaoxianyoudeyiyikeladenianchanliang，zuanshizhigoukaicai30nian。

　　eluosixingongbudejuxingzuankuanghuibuhuidapozheigehuanxiang?eluosifaxiandechaojizuanshikuanghuigaibianzuanshideweilaima?henkenengbuhui。jiyinweizuanshishichangdeqianguize——daibiersidelongduan，yeyinweineitiaowubichenggongdeguanggaoyuzhijinhaizaiwudaozhezhenggeshijie。

　　市场的掌控手

　　meiyourenzhidaozuanshizaizhenzhengziyoujiaoyishichangshangdejiage，yinweizuanshimaoyizai124nianqian，zicongdaibiersigongsilongduanlenanfeidezuanshihou，jiushiquleziyou。

　　1870nian，zainanfeidedaibiersixiongdidenongchangfujinfaxianledaxingzuankuang，chengdundezuanshibeikaicaichulai，turanjianshichangshangzuanshigongyingbaoman，zuanshijiagekaishiyingshengxialuo。

　　kaifananfeizuankuangdeyingguojinrongjiamenyishidao：zuanshibenshenmeitaidayongchu，budangchibudangyong，zuanshidejiagewanquankaotadexiquexingweixi。ruguojixubujiajiezhidixiangshichangtoufangzuanshi，tadejiagejiangyixieqianli。

　　zuankuangdetouzizhemenbiewuxuanze，zhinengqianglikongzhizuanshidechanliang，yanxuzuanshixiquedehuanxiang，daibiersilianhekuangyegongsiyingyunersheng。

　　daibiersigongsizai19shijimojihukongzhilenanfeisuoyoudezuankuang，dangshidenanfeidezuanshichanliangzhanjulequanqiuzuanshichanliangde90%yishang。

　　zhangwolequanqiu9chengyishangzuanshilaiyuandedaibiersigongsi，daguimoxiaojianlezuanshidechanliang。

　　gengzhongyaodeshi，daibiersijianlilezhijinrengzaiyunxingdezuanshideliangdaxiaoshoufangshi——1、renweidizhizaozuanshidexiquexing，daibiersilongduanlenanfeidezuankuanghou，zhenggenanfeidezuanshichanliangxiajiangle40%;2、chuanglilezuanshipeishoudedanyiqudao，daibiersidezuanshizhibeichushoujilundunzuanshijituandejishaoshumaijia，zaiyouzheixieshaoshumaijiatoufangshichang，daibiersishizheigedanyiqudaodekongzhifa，tamenbudanlongduanlezuanshishengchan，hailongduanlezuanshidexiaoshou。

　　zaidaibiersidekongzhizhixia，zuanshidejiagezaiyinianzhinei，jihufanlegebei。

　　daibiersigongsijianlilezhongyangxiaoshoujigou(cso) ，zhongyangxiaoshoujigoumeinianjuban10cizuanshi“shangguang”huodong，bushisuoyoudezuanshishangrendouyoujihuicanyuzheigeshangguanghuodong，zhiyoubeidaibiersijingxintiaoxuande“kanhuoshang”caiyoujihuicanyu

　　weishubuduodekanhuoshanggegedoushiyeneishilixionghou，yongyoudaxingqiegechanghepangdadexiaoshouwangluo。

　　danzaizuanshidiguodedizaozhedaibiersimianqian，zheixiezuanshidahenghaowutanpannengli。daibiersianzhaozhilianghechengsedapeihaozuanshi，mifengzaiyigegexiaohezinei，kanhuoshangmenzhinengkandaoheziwaidebiaojia。tamenzhinengxuanzemaihuozhebumai，jimeiyoujiangjiadeyudi，yebunengtiaojianhuozhebaoyuanhezilidezuanshi。

　　meiguodingjizhubaopinpaihali·wensidundechuangshiren，yidubaoyuandaibierside“xiee”，likejiubeitichulekanhuoshangdemingdan。danwensidunyouzhaobudaoxindezuanshilaiyuan，zhihaoguaiguairencuo，youhuidaolekanhuoshangdemingdanzhong。

　　kanhuoshangdeshuncongdangranyouhaochu，youwendingdezuanshilaiyuan，yiweizhekeguandelirun。kanhuoshangcongdaibiersishouzhonggoumaizuanpihou，zaibilishideanteweipu、yiseliedetelaweifudengqiegezhongxindamohou，maijidaxingpifashang，jiezhezhuandaozhongjianshang，zuihoucaishilingshouzhubaoshang。

　　zaizhengge20shijidejuedaduoshushihou，pingjiezhedaibiersiduizuanshiziyuandeqianglilongduan，zheitaozuanshijiaoyitixizhengchangdiyunzhuan。

　　比黄金更保值?

　　20shijidezuihou10nianzhong，jianada、aodaliya、eluosidengdidexinzuankuangbuduanyongxian，daibiersizaiyewufalongduansuoyoudezuanshiziyuan。daibiersichuchanzuanshifenebuduanxiahua，dao20shijimo，daibiersidezuanshichanliangxiahuadaoquanqiuchanliangde60%。

　　daibiersipinqinglelaiyijiazixungongsijinxinggongsidezhanlvepinggu。daibiersijieshoulebeiengongsidejianyi，buzaizhizhuyuduizuanshiziyuandejueduilongduan，kaishibazijidazaochengzuanshide“zuijiagongyingshang”，bingzhuanzhuyujianliziyoupinpaideshehuashangpin。

　　daibiersifangqilezuankuangdelongduan，jiezhi2011nian，daibiersichuchandezuanshirengzhanquanqiuzuanshizongliangde40%zhiduo，yongyoulingwai40%deeluosideailuosha，jiashangaodaliyadekuangyejutoubihebituoqixiadezuanshi，rengranshiyigejianbukecuidelianmeng。

　　zheigelianmengdezuanshiyiyigelongduanjiagemaijikanhuoshang，tujingqiegezhongxin、gejizhubaopifashang、zhizaoshang、lingshoushang、shangchang，gezhongjiajiazhihou，cainengzuizhongdaodaxiaofeizheshoushang。

　　gangchukuangdezuanshimaopimeiniandexiaoshouezai60yimeiyuanzuoyou，danshizaitongyishiqi，zhubaolingshouyedexiaoshouezai560yimeiyuanyishang。

　　lingshouyedefenghoulirun，shizheigezuanshijiedegongshi，quexianshoudaogongkaitaolun，xianyouzuanshidelingshoushangyuanyigongkaizijidelirun。

　　genjumeiguozhubaolingshoushangzhaleigongsitigongjimeiguozhengquanguanliweiyuanhuideziliao，qizhubaoshangpindemaolirunwei50%yishang，erhanjiandefenhongsezuanshi、lansezuanshideshoujiagengshipifajiadesandaosibei。ruguoshidifuni、kadiyadengshechipinpaichushoudezuanshi，jiagezhihuishangzhangdegengduo。

　　daibiersigongsiyechuixiansanchi，tamenzai2001nianyulvjituanhezuo，jianliqiyixiliezhuanmenxiaoshoudaibiersipinpaizhubaodegaodanglingshoudian。

　　zhongguodezuanshilingshoushangyebuhuangduorang。duojiameitidiaochafaxian，chuchangjia3000yuandezuanshi，jinrushangchangyaomaidao10000yuan。

　　liangfanshizuanshishangchangmeikelameigongsidechuangshirenwanzihongcheng，zaichuantongdebaihuomoshixia，xiaofeizhegoumaizuanshidejiagezhong，33%shijigongyingshangde，gejizhongjianshanghepinpaishangzhan42%，shangchangshouqu25%。

　　genjuwanzihongdeshuofa，yibanpinpaizuanshidelingshoujia=gongchangchuchangjia×4，jiajialvshi300%;erkadiya、difanni、baogelidengshehuapinpai，zuanshidelingshoujia=gongchangchuchangjia×6huozhe8，jiajialvgaoda500%～700%。

　　gaoangdezhongduanjiagesihubingbunengjiaoxirenmenduizuanshidereqing，zuanshishangchulefuyuzuanshidaibiaoyonghengdeaiqingwai，haixinshidandandibaozheng，takeyibaozhi。

　　zhubaoshanghemeitizongxihuanjiangshumingxingjujiamenmaidiaozuanshihuolidegushi，biruyilishabai·tailezuanshi，tailehuozengzheikezuanshishijiageshi100wanmeiyuan，dangtamaidiaoshi，jiageshi300 wanmeiyuan。danzheikejudadezuanshiweijiagongqianzhong244kela，qiegehepaoguanghouzhongda70kela。tahemeinianshichangshangchushoudeshangbaiwanmeixiaozuanshimeiyourenhekebizhichu。

　　gongzhongbeiguanshuleyigeguannian，yikelayishangzuanshikeyibaozhi，meiniandouyi5%desulvshangzhang，congweidieguo。

　　shishizhenderucima?1970nian，lundundeyibenxiaofeizhezazhitufaqixiangceshiyixiazuanshidetouzijiazhi，tahuale400bangzaiyijiazhubaoshangjiamaileliangke1.5keladezuanshi。 1978nian，dangzazhidezhubiandaifu·wacidasuanchushouzheiliangkezuanshishi，daduoshushangdiandoujufuxianjin，wacishoudaodezuigaodebaojiashi500bang，ruguokaolvdaodangshidetonghuopengzhanglv，zheigebaojiaxiangdangyu1970niande167bang。wacidejielunshi，peidehencan。

　　helanxiaofeizhexiehuiyezuolegeshiyan，tamengoumaileyimeichaoguo1keladezuanshi，8geyuehou，xiangamusitedan20jiazuidazhubaoshangtuixiaozheimeizuanshi。qizhong19jiazhubaoshangjujuegoumai，zhiyouyijiakenshougouzheimeizuanshi，baojiazhiyougoumaijiagedeyixiaobufen。niyonglingshoudejiagegoumaiyimeizuanshi，shizuanshipifajiadehaojibei，dengnichushoushi，zhinengyibipifajiagengdidejiagemaijizhubaoshang，zuanshidezengzhizaichushoudeguochengzhongsunshidaijin。

　　二、爱情“永恒致幻剂”

　　1938nian，daibiersichuangshirenzhiyideerzihali·aobenhaimofangwenleniuyueaierguanggaogongsi。houzhetichuleqianghuazuanshiheaiqingzhijianguanlianxingdexiangfa，rangnvrenrenweizuanshishilangmanqiuaidebiyaobufen，rangnanrenxiangxingengdagenghaodezuanshikeyibiaodagengqiangliedeaiyi。

　　“zuanshihengjiuyuan”zheitiaozhumingdeguanggaoyubeitichu，tajianjie、mingque、langlangshangkou，jiangyigegainian——zuanshisuodaibiaodeyonghengdeqingganjiazhi——shenzhirenxin。jutideguanggaogongshiyifangmiancongdianyinghedianyingmingxingzhongzhankai，mingliudeaiqinggushilizuanshipinfandengchang，daole1947nian，guanggaodezhongdianzhuanxianglegongzhongdexinlixuqiu，qianghuazuanshizuoweidinghunyishidexuqiubukehuoque。renmenbeiguanshuzuanshibushiyizhongkejiaoyideshangpinbaoshi，ershiqiuaihehunyinshenghuobukefengedeyibufen。rujindaibiersizeyitadeyingduqujieyuaiqingdeyongheng——jinguanwomenbenlaimingmingdouzhidaoneishidiqiushangzuicuiruodedongxi。

　　zuanshishizhongshichenggong、diweiheshiyedemingxianbiaozhi。nanrenxuyaozuanshi，shiqixuyige“aideliwu”nengtishengtazainvrenyanzhongdediwei，ernvrenzaijieshouzuanshishibiaoxianchudejingya，nadaolezuanshiyoubaochilechunzhen。malilian·mengluzai1953niandedianying《shenshiaimeiren》zhongbanyanbaijinxiaojielorelei，gaochang“zuanshishinvrenzuihaodepengyou”，zhongjiuyinglailejiedahuanxidejieju——kewangzuanshidenvhaibuhuicuo，tamenbuguoshikewangwending，kewangmeihaodehunyin。

　　meiguozuanshidexiaoliangzai3nianneijiushangshengle55%，zhongyaodeshitachenggongzoujinlezhongchanjieji、naizhigengdiyidiandecengji，takaishiweixunchangbaixingsuoyongyou。daibiersideguojihuatuiguangzecong1960niandaizhongqikaishi，tamentichudeguanggaoanchuangyishi：qiaokeli、xianhua、picaodeliwu，douwufamanzunvrendui“huanranyixindelangman”deshenkexinlixuqiu，erzuanshizuoweiweiyiliwu，caishixiangbanyishengdejianzheng。

　　daibiersi1993nianjinruzhongguo。tashouxianweituoxianggangaomeiwei“a diamond is forever”xunzhaoyijuqiaomiaodefanyi，zuizhong“zuanshihengjiuyuan，yikeyongliuchuan”shengchu，congcigaibianlezhongguorenhunqingyipeidaihuangjin、feicuiweizhudechuantongjumian。

　　zheijuhuajirankeyishenkeyingxiangzhengyidaimeiguorendexinli(yijiribenren、deguoren、baxiren……)，youshenmeliyourenweizhongguorenbuhuibeizheijumozhoubandehuayusuoyouhuo?1979niangaigekaifangzhichuzhongguodaludezuanshishoushixiaoshouebuzu100wanmeiyuan，daole2000nian——jiaruwtodeqianyinian、yeshibeidaibiersidemozhouxinaohoudedibanian，zheigeshuzhiyidadaole61yirenminbi。jishi2008nianjinrongweijiyinqideshijiefanweineizuanshixingyedeshuaituiyedangbuzhuzhongguoxinrenduiyuzuanshiquzhiruowudejiaobu。

　　beishangguangdengyixianchengshideyigediaochabiaoming，zhongguodexinlangyuanyifuchusangeyuedeyuexinweixinniangmaixiayimeihunjie。renmenxiangxintamenyongyoudezuanshisuodailaidejiazhiyuangaoyushijia，youqishinvxing，tamenhuizaixinlishangduitamendezuanshichanshengyilai，jueduikangjurenhemaidiaotadeniantou。zuanshi，tahehuangjinbuyiyang，tashiqinggandelianjiewu，shichengnuo，shimengshi，shifeimaipin。beidaibiersifuyuleshenshenghuanjuedezuanshigaosunitadaibiaoyongyuan，eryongyuanyiweizheyongyuanbuyinggaibeizhuanshou。

　　suoyi“zuanshihengjiuyuan”zheijuhuadeneihandaodishishenme?aidehua·aipositanzai《zuanshifuchenlu》lidedaanshi：rangnibazuanshicunzhe，biepao，fouzezuanshishichangjiagebuwen。

　　2009nian，zhongguodezuanshixuqiucongzhiqiandequanqiudiliuyueshengzhidier，bingbaochizhijin。shijiezuanshilishihuizhuxieli izhakoffgantan：“zaihoujinrongweijishidai，zhongguokeweizuanshixingyezhongdexinxing。”

　　zuanshideshishangyinyuzhechenggong，erchenggongbutongyuxingfu，xingfuwomenkeyixixipinchang，chenggongquebunenggoujinyiyexing，tashiwomenxuyaodaizaishoushang、chuanzaishenshangzhaoyaoguoshidelogo。